Journal Mitzvah

Journal Mitzvah

Wednesday, August 28, 2019

Ger Toshav - Shabbat Observance




As today’s rabbis debate whether a Ger Toshav may or must observe the Shabbat, this passage from Talmud Bavli Keritot 9a shows that Rabbi Akiva held held that the Ger Toshav is required to show a level of Shabbat observance, and while other sages disagree, nobody holds that the Ger Toshav may not observe the Shabbat as some irresponsible individuals today are claiming.

ואיכא דמתני לה על הדא דת"ר גר תושב מותר לעשות מלאכה בשבת
לעצמו כישראל בחולו של מועד

The Gemara comments: And there are those who teach this statement of Rav Adda bar Ahava with regard to this case, as the Sages taught in a baraita: A gentile who resides in Eretz Yisrael and observes the seven Noahide mitzvot [ger toshav] is permitted to perform labor on Shabbat for himself in the same manner that a Jew is permitted to perform labor on the intermediate days of a Festival, i.e., only for matters that, if unattended, will result in significant loss.

ר"ע אומר כישראל בי"ט ר' יוסי אומר גר תושב עושה בשבת לעצמו כישראל בחול רש"א ואחד גר תושב ואחד [עובד כוכבים] עבד ואמה התושבים עושין מלאכה בשבת לעצמן כישראל בחול:

The baraita continues: Rabbi Akiva says: A ger toshav may perform labor on Shabbat in the same manner that a Jew is permitted to perform labor on a Festival, i.e., only for the purpose of preparing food. Rabbi Yosei says: A ger toshav may perform labor on Shabbat for himself in the same manner that a Jew is permitted to perform labor on a weekday. Rabbi Shimon says: Both a ger toshav and a resident male or female slave may perform labor on Shabbat for themselves in the same manner that a Jew may perform labor on a weekday. According to this tradition, it is in relation to this baraita that Rav Adda bar Ahava said that the halakha is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Shimon.


By: Avraham ben Yaakov

Rabbi Avraham Greenbaum
Azamra Institute
P.O. Box 50037 Jerusalem 9150001 Israel 

Website:

Sunday, August 11, 2019

Lasting Emunah





It is better to be a fool who believes in everything than to be so clever that you do not believe in anything.

If you believe in everything, some of your beliefs may be foolish but you will also believe in the truth. However, when a person is too clever and does not want to believe in anything, he may begin by ridiculing falsehood and folly but can easily end up so skeptical of everything that he even denies the truth.
Sichot Haran #103


There are many searching questions about God. But it is only fitting and proper that this should be so. Indeed, such questions enhance the greatness of God and show His exaltedness. God is so great and exalted that He is beyond our ability to understand Him. It is obviously impossible for us, with limited human intelligence to understand His ways. Inevitably there are things that baffle us, and this is only fitting. If God’s ways were in accordance with the limits of our meager understanding, there would be no difference between His understanding and ours, and this is inconceivable.
Likutey Moharan II, 52


If you ask a believer to explain why he has faith, he will certainly not be able to give you a reason, because faith is applicable only where one does not understand the reason. Yet, because of his complete faith, whatever the believer himself believes in is perfectly clear and self-evident as if he sees it with his own eyes.
Likutey Moharan, I, 62


When you have faith, every day is filled with good. When things go well, it is certainly good. But even if things go wrong and you suffer, this is also good. For you trust that God will have mercy and will eventually send good. Everything must be good, because everything comes from God.
A person who lacks faith is not truly alive, because as soon as something bad happens he gives up all hope. He has no way to comfort himself because, having no faith, he has placed himself outside God’s providence and therefore, for him, there is no good at all.
If you have faith, you will have a good and beautiful life.
Sichot Haran #53

TAKE FROM ESSENTIAL RABBI NACHMAN
EDITED BY: AZAMRA INSTITUTE




Sunday, August 4, 2019

Standing on Solid Ground




Rabbi Arush teaches us the secret of true stability in life, no matter how volatile and uncertain our lives, or the world around us.

When referring to people who are struggling with some form of instability, whether personal, emotional, marital, or professional, people often say, “It’s as if the ground is crumbling beneath his feet.”

Just as the ground is the physical symbol of stability, so too there is one foundational rule which enables us to remain “on solid ground” spiritually. This concept enables us to achieve true stability in every aspect of our physical, emotional, and spiritual lives, even when things around us are stormy and in flux.

Like it or not, the truth is that Hashem doesn’t owe you anything, and is not required to give you anything. Someone who lives this truth – his life is sweet and happy. He is happy with every single thing in his life, and truly appreciates it. He doesn’t give importance to any lacking or problem he has, because he doesn’t expect anything. Everything is only a free gift, and Hashem doesn’t owe it to me to be any different. Thus, the problems don’t take away from the happiness he feels over all his blessings. Even his merits he does not count to himself. Rather, he sees himself only in more debt to Hashem for all his merits, because Hashem had mercy on him and enabled him to perform them even though he doesn’t really deserve it. For sure, he is not now holding his head up and expecting to receive anything because of them!

The perfect of example of this mindset is Moshe Rabbeinu. If there was ever any person about which we could say that he truly deserves something from Hashem – it’s Moshe Rabbeinu. Yet, he saw himself only in debt to Hashem, and requested from Hashem only a free gift without expectation, up to his last day.

This comes in contrast to the Jews in the desert, who unfortunately never learned this trait from Moshe Rabbeinu. They had every good imaginable, and they could expect only more and more good - but because they thought that Hashem owed them, they brought on themselves suffering upon suffering. They suffered from an utter lack of gratitude.

The Jewish people were still reeling from the Sin of the Spies, when they had the chutzpah – the brazen-faced gumption – to cry and complain about the biggest gift they could ever receive – the Land of Israel. Now, comes Korach, who laid everything on the table. He demanded with total self-assurance: “I should be the King! I deserve everything. I should rule!”

Korach was the exact opposite of Moshe Rabbeinu, and the icon of “I deserve everything.” He had already received everything. He was one of the richest people in the desert, and he already had a high position and important job. But he became drunk and blind from his great feelings of “I deserve absolutely everything! I should have even more!”

I already discussed the hitchhiker who doesn’t realize that he is only a guest in my previous article, Know Your Place. This story displayed just how foolish it is to think that we are owed something; indeed, nothing is more foolish!

However, such behavior isn’t just foolish; thinking that Hashem owes you something is also falsehood and total heresy. The truth is, that Ein od Milvado – there is nothing besides Hashem. Everything belongs to Hashem. Hashem does everything, and He does it all with His power, not yours or anyone else’s. We have to thank Him for everything, and He does not owe us anything at all.

This is also the foundation of emuna. When a person thinks that Hashem owes him something, he is immersed in a total lie, and there is no heresy bigger than this. Therefore, Chazal teaches that Korach was a heretic, a kofer.

The beginning and root of all heresy is when a person denies the reality that everything that he has in life is a free gift given to him from Hashem in loving-kindness. “The world is built on kindness” – this means that kindness is the foundation of the world. The world stands on the kindness of Hashem and the free gifts He gives us without merit.

No one stands and lives on his own merits, but rather, only on the kindness of Hashem. Someone who denies this truth is essentially denying the foundation of his own continuation, and the principle on which the world is built. This is why Korach was punished by falling into the ground, which “opened up its mouth” to swallow him. He denied the kindness of Hashem on which the world is built, so he had nothing left on which to stand…

This is also the foundation of our own personal continuation. Someone who thinks that he has it all coming to him and that Hashem should be giving him something more, or something different, than what he already has, is essentially breaking up the ground beneath his feet.

This is also the foundation of our relationship with the tzaddikim (righteous leaders), and our Rabbis and teachers, as well as our spouses. I will expound a bit on how this understanding should influence our relationship with the tzaddikim.

If the Jewish people had acquired this humility to recognize that Hashem didn’t owe them anything, then they also would have recognized that Moshe Rabbeinu didn’t owe them anything either. Instead, they would have appreciated how much he did for them – how many prayers, how much effort he put into them, how much he literally put himself on the line for them time and again, and how much he suffered for them. Nor would they have even begun to do the sins that they did in the desert – not the Sin of the Spies, and not Korach, and not any of the many sins of complaining that they did.

This is the truth. This is the simple emuna (emuna peshuta). This is the real basis on which the world, and our lives, stand. And this is the secret of true stability.

By: Rabbi Shalom Arush